Have you ever been hit with a strong chemical smell when opening a new toy or a box of flat-pack furniture? You might have wondered if that scent is something to worry about. It’s easy to dismiss it, thinking that if there were a real danger, there would be a warning label advising you to open it outside or let it off-gas. But should we be more cautious when unpacking new items?
What Is Formaldehyde?
Formaldehyde is a colorless, flammable gas known for its strong odor. It is commonly used in producing composite wood products such as hardwood plywood, particleboard, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF), as well as in various building materials and insulation. You can also find it in everyday items like: You will also find it in common household products like:
- Glue
- Permanent press fabrics
- Paints and coatings
- Lacquers and finishes
- Paper products
- Dishwashing liquids
- Fabric Softeners
- Fertilizers and pesticides
Indoor vs. Outdoor Levels
Indoor air often has higher levels of formaldehyde, typically ranging from 0.02 to 4 parts per million (ppm). In contrast, outdoor air generally has much lower concentrations, from 0.001 to 0.02 ppm in urban areas and even less in rural areas.
Health Impacts
According to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), formaldehyde exposure can lead to various health issues:
- 0.1 to 0.5 ppm: This may cause nasal and eye irritation, neurological effects, and an increased risk of asthma and allergies.
- 0.6 to 1.9 ppm: This can result in eczema and changes in lung function.
- High levels: These may be associated with certain types of cancer.
Regulatory Standards
As of June 1, 2018, composite wood products sold in the U.S. must meet CARB ATCM Phase II or TSCA Title VI standards, which set limits on formaldehyde emissions:
- Hardwood Plywood – Veneer Core: 0.05 ppm
- Hardwood Plywood – Composite Core: 0.05 ppm
- Medium-Density Fiberboard (MDF): 0.11 ppm
- Thin MDF: 0.13 ppm
- Particleboard: 0.09 ppm
What Research Shows
Recent studies have observed that unpacking and assembling self-assembly furniture, like a 2-door wardrobe, can temporarily increase formaldehyde levels in the home. Unfinished models tend to emit higher levels than highly lacquered ones. However, the elevated levels are usually short-lived, with concentrations often returning to normal within a week.
Off-Gassing
Even if you don't smell formaldehyde, it doesn’t mean it's not there. Off-gassing—the release of chemicals from products—occurs over time. While new furniture can increase indoor formaldehyde levels temporarily, most materials off-gas significantly before reaching your home. Good ventilation and air purification can help manage any residual formaldehyde.
Should You Be Concerned?
Here are a few key points to consider:
- Homes with smokers often have higher formaldehyde levels.
- Formaldehyde is present in adhesives used in composite wood products.
- New products are likely to release higher levels of formaldehyde.
- For older wood products, the risk is lower, but some emissions may still occur.
- Formaldehyde is also found in everyday items like dishwashing liquid and personal care products.
Mitigating Risks
If you're concerned about high formaldehyde levels in your home, here are some steps you can take:
- Create a Smoke-Free Zone: Even if you smoke, keep your home smoke-free.
- Ventilation: Open windows, especially when it's breezy.
- Air Purification: Increase air exchanges with an air purifier.
- Control Temperature and Humidity: Use air conditioners and dehumidifiers, as heat and humidity can accelerate formaldehyde release.
- Pre-Wash New Fabrics: According to the CDC, washing new no-iron fabrics can reduce formaldehyde presence.
Reducing Your Exposure
Managing chemical pollutants involves maximizing the clean air you breathe. To protect your health from short-term exposures, consider using air treatment devices like air purifiers. If you have further questions or need assistance with formaldehyde testing, contact our customer service team at 1-800-934-9194.
Have you experienced a formaldehyde scare? What did you do to combat your exposure? Tell your story in the comments section below!
